I’m super new to UE, currently using UE 5.3 and just started to play around.
So I’ve created a blank project, no tampering with any Project Options, simple geometry (6 boxes, with a Boolean cut out of another box) and added Directional Light (moveable) with Light Shafts, Volumetric Height Fog , Post Processing with Bloom and a small Rect on the floor to simulate some bounce (disregard it’s intensity etc.).
You’re trying to light a room entirely with indirect lighting coming from a very small lightsource, this is inevitably going to give poor results.
Your best option is to redesign the scene so that you have more light. The beam itself should be faked with a mesh, volumetrics will not give sufficient resolution.