As tk-master said -
material == shader ( a small program that runs on the gpu and colors each pixel)
texture == 2d image data ( like png or bmp )
normal map== a specially created texture that contains lighting information of the model it is intended to be used with. (also png or bmp)
model == 3d vertexes representing a 3d shape (like fbx or obj)
btw - there are many types of commonly created textures that can be used by the shader like the normal map - e.g. diffuse, ambient occlusion, specular, roughness