I ended up here trying to follow the same tutorial.
In the tutorial he uses the WS (World Space) version of the Sample Spline Position node. I believe this was the mistake.
In UE5.4 in the details panel of the emitter “set BP_Spline” was not available but an array of vectors. the BP_Spline can be set though in the Userparameter of the System (drop down menu “SourceActor”)… WARNING: this will let the system always search for this actor - if it is not in the scene placed but the particle system is, this will cause an error.
Alternative approach:
set niagara system as Niagara system component in BP_Spline Actor and not separately in scene
dont give the niagara system a user spline Actor reference
set this reference inside the blueprint at begin play with self referencing the blueprint for niagara via the niagara spline name
you might need to switch of the “local” in niagara settings if you dont want to depend on the relative spline coordinates of the blueprint