How to set a texture parameter in C++?

Here is what turned out to work for me.

In my component constructor I load the assets and assign them to my properties:

struct FConstructorStatics
{
	ConstructorHelpers::FObjectFinderOptional<UTexture> TextureFinder;
	ConstructorHelpers::FObjectFinderOptional<UMaterial> MaterialFinder;
	FConstructorStatics()
		: TextureFinder(TEXT("Texture2D'/Game/Textures/2DBackground.2DBackground'"))
		, MaterialFinder(TEXT("Material'/Game/Materials/DynamicTextureMaterial.DynamicTextureMaterial'"))
	{
	}
};
static FConstructorStatics ConstructorStatics;

Texture = ConstructorStatics.TextureFinder.Get();
UMaterial* Material = ConstructorStatics.MaterialFinder.Get();
DynamicMaterial = UMaterialInstanceDynamic::Create(Material, this);

Then in my component’s PostLoad I apply them:

DynamicMaterial->SetTextureParameterValue(FName("DynamicTexture"), Texture);
Mesh->SetMaterial(0, DynamicMaterial);

Thanks Duncan and Rajko for the suggestions!