Cull Distance Volume makes me cry

No, to determine the cull distance of an object it uses the size that is closest to the size of the object. In this case the size of the object is 100 and 10 is closer to it than 10000. Therefore it will use the cull distance for the size of 10 which is 600cm.

You could also take a look at this here under Example Scene and Setup Cull Distance Volume | Unreal Engine Documentation