To really get a very basic introduction to programming in Unreal Engine, you might find the Programming Quick Start a useful resource.
For FPS, there is an FPS Tutorial that walks you from a blank project to creating a GameMode, Character, and projectile, all in C++.
Also, when looking at a Blueprint template, the Blueprints dropdown menu in the Level Editor toolbar should give you access to any basic Gameplay Framework Blueprints.
Hopefully these get you started in learning about the gameplay framework, and if you have more specific questions, I can try to point you towards any learning resources we have in those areas. 