You are correct in that there are many ways to go about it. I still use Photoshop for 90% of my texturing work. I use Quixel on occasion for initial masking and have yet to try out Painter/Designer (soon though!). I do mostly hard-surface stuff so my textures are usually derived from photographs; sculpting sessions are few and far between.
That being said, the important thing is to stick to a method that works for you. Pick a program and a workflow and make it work. These programs are simply decision-making tools. They can speed up the process or give you more options (ie. decisions) but poor decisions in Photoshop will still be poor decisions in other programs. The quality of your work will come from your decisions while using the tools. 