I solved this by install Ubuntu 24.04.2 LTS and the Material Editor even worked during live booting with USB.
Debian just like other Linux Distributions appear to differ too much from the recommended OS (mind version on the left). As far as I read, Ubuntu 24 wasn’t recommended but an earlier version. Still it seems to work fine with it.
If you want to troubleshoot, it probably has something to do with a different Vulkan version. For direct comparison: On Ubuntu 24, vulkaninfo --summary returns
Summary
==========
VULKANINFO
==========
Vulkan Instance Version: 1.3.275
Instance Extensions: count = 24
-------------------------------
VK_EXT_acquire_drm_display : extension revision 1
VK_EXT_acquire_xlib_display : extension revision 1
VK_EXT_debug_report : extension revision 10
VK_EXT_debug_utils : extension revision 2
VK_EXT_direct_mode_display : extension revision 1
VK_EXT_display_surface_counter : extension revision 1
VK_EXT_headless_surface : extension revision 1
VK_EXT_surface_maintenance1 : extension revision 1
VK_EXT_swapchain_colorspace : extension revision 4
VK_KHR_device_group_creation : extension revision 1
VK_KHR_display : extension revision 23
VK_KHR_external_fence_capabilities : extension revision 1
VK_KHR_external_memory_capabilities : extension revision 1
VK_KHR_external_semaphore_capabilities : extension revision 1
VK_KHR_get_display_properties2 : extension revision 1
VK_KHR_get_physical_device_properties2 : extension revision 2
VK_KHR_get_surface_capabilities2 : extension revision 1
VK_KHR_portability_enumeration : extension revision 1
VK_KHR_surface : extension revision 25
VK_KHR_surface_protected_capabilities : extension revision 1
VK_KHR_wayland_surface : extension revision 6
VK_KHR_xcb_surface : extension revision 6
VK_KHR_xlib_surface : extension revision 6
VK_LUNARG_direct_driver_loading : extension revision 1
Instance Layers: count = 3
--------------------------
VK_LAYER_INTEL_nullhw INTEL NULL HW 1.1.73 version 1
VK_LAYER_MESA_device_select Linux device selection layer 1.3.211 version 1
VK_LAYER_MESA_overlay Mesa Overlay layer 1.3.211 version 1
Devices:
========
GPU0:
apiVersion = 1.3.289
driverVersion = 24.2.8
vendorID = 0x1002
deviceID = 0x747e
deviceType = PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TYPE_DISCRETE_GPU
deviceName = AMD Radeon RX 7800 XT (RADV NAVI32)
driverID = DRIVER_ID_MESA_RADV
driverName = radv
driverInfo = Mesa 24.2.8-1ubuntu1~24.04.1
conformanceVersion = 1.3.0.0
deviceUUID = -
driverUUID = -
GPU1:
apiVersion = 1.3.289
driverVersion = 0.0.1
vendorID = 0x10005
deviceID = 0x0000
deviceType = PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TYPE_CPU
deviceName = llvmpipe (LLVM 19.1.1, 256 bits)
driverID = DRIVER_ID_MESA_LLVMPIPE
driverName = llvmpipe
driverInfo = Mesa 24.2.8-1ubuntu1~24.04.1 (LLVM 19.1.1)
conformanceVersion = 1.3.1.1
deviceUUID = -
driverUUID = -
So it’s clear that the Vulkan Instance Version on Debian was newer and the listed warning also doesn’t appear on Ubuntu 24. I doubt that it’s a graphics driver issue itself, because amdgpu is part of the kernel and my Ubuntu kernel version is 6.11.0-19-generic, so it’s not a far stretch from before (see first post). Regarding SM, it works with SM6 now, no changes needed.
I won’t close this, as it’s not a true fix. Good luck.