how could I create a blueprint in-game?

If you only want the user to change a few preset variable values, you dont need C++. Blueprints and UMG is enough
All you have to do is define a base blueprint with the necessary variables. You should then make all the variables that are customizable to be public.
Then you can create a UMG interface for accepting the values for the variables during the game. Once they are read, simply create an instance of your base blueprint and populate the public variables with user given values. If you want to save this permanently, you can write the values off to a local file whch you can re-use later.

---- But if you intend to actually create a new Blueprint class from the user data (ie a new BP asset), then you will need to dig into C++.