The real answer to your question is no. Period.
The extended answer to your question is:
Sure you can, but you would need to sculpt a sphere in a DCC with the heightmap you need, and create various LOD levels for it.
You would then also have to slice it up into smaller parts for use.
This can wok on small spheres and approximations, but it will almost never be possible for 1:1 simulations where you are trying to correctly represent earth or moon bodies at their actual size.
To do things like this at runtime - similar say to Google Earth? - you would need to implement your own Octree generation system.
And you would need a clean matched data set to use for the height maps - to which the sphere mesh calculations will add the proper spherical distortion.
Even on best case scenarios where you are a pro and you really know what you are doing, the sheer amount of heightmap data needed for a full size globe will have your HD cry for mercy (to he kind) and probably make your program not downloadable.
Google gets away with it by serving portions of maps over the net. Yes, The same can be done. But you need to have that in mind when starting…
– further point -
Maybe all you need to do is extrude vertex on their normal based on a heightmap to provide some sort of resemblance.
If that’s the case, that is possible with just a heightmap and a material.
Remember, this provides no player collision and is only a visual system.