I believe this will work if you use the regular Set Material node, the Element Index will apply to the emitter in the particle system, so 0 will be the first emitter, 1 the second, etc. from left to right.

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I believe this will work if you use the regular Set Material node, the Element Index will apply to the emitter in the particle system, so 0 will be the first emitter, 1 the second, etc. from left to right.

][1]