This is specifically a CSM problem.
It does not occur for lights with a Dynamic Shadow Distance of 0.0 (CSM disabled), static directional lights, or stationary preview lighting.
It does occur for dynamic and stationary directional lights that have both a positive Dynamic Shadow Distance and more than one cascade. It even seemingly occurs with one cascade, but it’s not pronounced.
It seems to occur most visibly with the furthest edge of the farthest shadow cascades. It is therefore more prominent at a close distance when there are more cascades, the Distribution Exponent is high, and/or the Dynamic Shadow Distance is close to the distance of the object in focus.