Does it work on your devices when you launch it from the editor? or is it just malfunctioning when you build the game and move the apk to your device?
Also you say its a black screen and it turns off. Is it crashing with a message or anything or is it just going back to the previous menu screen?
Make sure you use the Platform: mobile and Scalable project, will help turn off costly performance hogs and much better settings for mobile.
DO NOT include starter content. Textures explode your application size, so have less textures overall (and lower resolution, dont need 4k x 4k on mobile).
Becareful on number of materials you use, and be careful of complex/costly materials cause they can decrease fps pretty easily on mobile.
Because of wide range of mobile GPU’s 1 texture needs to be converted to 4/5 compressed textures depending on mobile GPU. Therefore i suggest while testing figure out the one your device use and only ship/test (Android -> ATC, NOT Android -> All) on that device until you need to test on other devices/publish.
Later on you can split up your app for each type of GPU and textures it prefers. (Instead of a huge 500 mb file that targets ALL devices, you can break it up into ~120mb file that has the files/texture for ONLY that type of phone.