VS Code: Code shows errors in IDE, yet builds are successful

As already said, the problem is solved by fixing the file c_cpp_properties.json. I just copied the definitions from the Visual Studio 2017 project and it worked.

The code for c_cpp_properties.json file (works for UE 4.18 and Windows 10)
But you need to change the line: “ORIGINAL_FILE_NAME=‘UE4Editor-ProjectName.dll’”

"defines": [
                "IS_PROGRAM=0",
                "UE_EDITOR=1",
                "WITH_DEV_AUTOMATION_TESTS=1",
                "WITH_PERF_AUTOMATION_TESTS=1",
                "UNICODE",
                "_UNICODE",
                "__UNREAL__",
                "IS_MONOLITHIC=0",
                "WITH_ENGINE=1",
                "WITH_UNREAL_DEVELOPER_TOOLS=1",
                "WITH_COREUOBJECT=1",
                "USE_STATS_WITHOUT_ENGINE=0",
                "WITH_PLUGIN_SUPPORT=0",
                "WITH_PERFCOUNTERS=1",
                "USE_LOGGING_IN_SHIPPING=0",
                "WITH_LOGGING_TO_MEMORY=0",
                "USE_CACHE_FREED_OS_ALLOCS=1",
                "USE_CHECKS_IN_SHIPPING=0",
                "UE_BUILD_MINIMAL=0",
                "WITH_EDITOR=1",
                "WITH_SERVER_CODE=1",
                "WITH_CEF3=1",
                "WITH_XGE_CONTROLLER=1",
                "UBT_COMPILED_PLATFORM=Win64",
                "UBT_COMPILED_TARGET=Editor",
                "WIN32=1",
                "_WIN32_WINNT=0x0601",
                "WINVER=0x0601",
                "PLATFORM_WINDOWS=1",
                "DEPTH_32_BIT_CONVERSION=0",
                "NDEBUG=1",
                "UE_BUILD_DEVELOPMENT=1",
                "ORIGINAL_FILE_NAME='UE4Editor-ProjectName.dll'",
                "UE_IS_ENGINE_MODULE=0",
                "UE_BUILD_DEVELOPMENT_WITH_DEBUGGAME=0",
                "UE_PROJECT_NAME=NewTest",
                "DEPRECATED_FORGAME=DEPRECATED",
                "NEWTEST_API=",
                "UE_ENABLE_ICU=1",
                "WITH_VS_PERF_PROFILER=0",
                "WITH_DIRECTXMATH=0",
                "CORE_API=",
                "COREUOBJECT_API=",
                "WITH_PHYSX=1",
                "WITH_APEX=1",
                "WITH_APEX_CLOTHING=1",
                "WITH_CLOTH_COLLISION_DETECTION=1",
                "WITH_PHYSX_COOKING=1",
                "WITH_NVCLOTH=1",
                "WITH_RECAST=1",
                "ENGINE_API=",
                "APPLICATIONCORE_API=",
                "RHI_API=",
                "JSON_API=",
                "SLATE_DEFERRED_DESIRED_SIZE=0",
                "WITH_FREETYPE=1",
                "SLATECORE_API=",
                "INPUTCORE_API=",
                "SLATE_API=",
                "WITH_UNREALPNG=1",
                "WITH_UNREALJPEG=1",
                "WITH_UNREALEXR=1",
                "IMAGEWRAPPER_API=",
                "MESSAGINGCOMMON_API=",
                "MESSAGING_API=",
                "RENDERCORE_API=",
                "SHADERCORE_API=",
                "UTILITYSHADERS_API=",
                "ASSETREGISTRY_API=",
                "ENGINEMESSAGES_API=",
                "ENGINESETTINGS_API=",
                "SYNTHBENCHMARK_API=",
                "RENDERER_API=",
                "GAMEPLAYTAGS_API=",
                "WITH_GAMEPLAY_DEBUGGER=1",
                "AIMODULE_API=",
                "GAMEPLAYTASKS_API=",
                "DATABASESUPPORT_API=",
                "PACKETHANDLER_API=",
                "RELIABILITYHANDLERCOMPONENT_API=",
                "HARDWARESURVEY_API=",
                "UNREALED_API=",
                "BSPMODE_API=",
                "DIRECTORYWATCHER_API=",
                "DOCUMENTATION_API=",
                "LOAD_PLUGINS_FOR_TARGET_PLATFORMS=1",
                "PROJECTS_API=",
                "SANDBOXFILE_API=",
                "EDITORSTYLE_API=",
                "SOURCE_CONTROL_WITH_SLATE=1",
                "SOURCECONTROL_API=",
                "UNREALEDMESSAGES_API=",
                "GAMEPLAYDEBUGGER_API=",
                "BLUEPRINTGRAPH_API=",
                "HTTP_PACKAGE=1",
                "HTTP_API=",
                "UNREALAUDIO_API=",
                "FUNCTIONALTESTING_API=",
                "AUTOMATIONCONTROLLER_API=",
                "LOCALIZATION_API=",
                "AUDIOEDITOR_API=",
                "LEVELEDITOR_API=",
                "SETTINGS_API=",
                "INTROTUTORIALS_API=",
                "HEADMOUNTEDDISPLAY_API=",
                "VREDITOR_API=",
                "LANDSCAPE_API=",
                "PROPERTYEDITOR_API=",
                "ACTORPICKERMODE_API=",
                "SCENEDEPTHPICKERMODE_API=",
                "DETAILCUSTOMIZATIONS_API=",
                "CLASSVIEWER_API=",
                "GRAPHEDITOR_API=",
                "CONTENTBROWSER_API=",
                "ENABLE_HTTP_FOR_NFS=1",
                "NETWORKFILESYSTEM_API=",
                "SOCKETS_PACKAGE=1",
                "SOCKETS_API=",
                "UMG_API=",
                "MOVIESCENE_API=",
                "MOVIESCENETRACKS_API=",
                "WITH_OGGVORBIS=1",
                "XAUDIO2_API=",
                "AUDIOMIXERXAUDIO2_API=",
                "COLLECTIONMANAGER_API=",
                "ADDCONTENTDIALOG_API=",
                "USE_EMBREE=1",
                "MESHUTILITIES_API=",
                "MESHMERGEUTILITIES_API=",
                "HIERARCHICALLODUTILITIES_API=",
                "MESHREDUCTIONINTERFACE_API=",
                "ASSETTOOLS_API=",
                "KISMETCOMPILER_API=",
                "KISMET_API=",
                "CLOTHINGSYSTEMRUNTIMEINTERFACE_API=",
                "NETWORKREPLAYSTREAMING_API=",
                "AUDIOMIXER_API="
            ]