I have VS Community 2017 and I have the “Universal Windows Plattform Development” package installed.
Also, there are two categories on the left called “optional” in one you have ticked “Windows SDK (10.0.X)”, in the other, visible in the second screenshot, you don’t maybe try to tick the second one, too (I have that, too).
Also, someone on the forum had posted this:
I haven’t had this particular problem, but could you guys try this: in your Visual Studio install folder,go to the VC subfolder and run vcvarsall.bat. Mine is at C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\vcvarsall.bat. That is with VS2015. If you have VS2017 its Microsoft Visual Studio 15.0. If that doesn’t help, try to create a new C++ project in Visual Studio to ensure that you have MSBuild installed. I believe Visual Studio downloads it automatically when needed. Then try if UE detects your Visual Studio then.
Have you tried to create and run a normal C++ project in VS?