I also started getting this error yesterday after some intensive landscape editing. The error is specific to the project I am working on - other projects and new projects are fine.
Confirmed the texture is present:
Full error dump:
Assertion failed: (DefaultAlphaTexture != nullptr) && DefaultAlphaTexture->Source.IsValid() [File:D:\build++UE5\Sync\Engine\Source\Editor\LandscapeEditor\Private\LandscapeEditorObject.cpp] [Line: 541]
UnrealEditor_LandscapeEditor
UnrealEditor_LandscapeEditor
UnrealEditor_LandscapeEditor
UnrealEditor_UnrealEd
UnrealEditor_UnrealEd
UnrealEditor_LevelEditor
UnrealEditor_LevelEditor
UnrealEditor_Slate
UnrealEditor_Slate
UnrealEditor_Slate
UnrealEditor_Slate
UnrealEditor_Slate
UnrealEditor_Slate
UnrealEditor_Slate
UnrealEditor_Slate
UnrealEditor_Slate
UnrealEditor_Slate
UnrealEditor_Slate
UnrealEditor_Slate
UnrealEditor_ApplicationCore
UnrealEditor_ApplicationCore
UnrealEditor_ApplicationCore
UnrealEditor_ApplicationCore
user32
user32
UnrealEditor_ApplicationCore
UnrealEditor
UnrealEditor
UnrealEditor
UnrealEditor
UnrealEditor
UnrealEditor
kernel32
ntdll