[UMG] How can I set a slider's value range to be, for example, 70-100 instead of 0.0-1.0?

Its best to use the the map range node:

the input would be the slider value (bind on change value)
In range A is 0.0
In range B is 1.0
Out range A (the minimum value for the range your variable is using → in your case 70)
Out range B (the maximu value for the range your variable is using → in your case 100)

the Return value is then plugged into round for converting it back to integer