Hi Guillaume,
what are your texture settings? As you wrote that it worked for you before, have you changed something in your process?
You mentioned SSD disc, is it internal disc? Do you have enough space for the cache?
Is it possible to just unwrap your model? How big is the model, it is not good visible on your screen shot. Also, the parts have Tx sign next to them, Were those parts textured?
Upgrading or downgrading Windows was related to other issue (export issue), so it shouldn’t be connected with this.
Unfortunately, it is not possible to open project created in newer version in the older one.