Sorry for necroposting but is the only question about it on the Answerhub, and the issue still exist in 4.25. Seems the crush is caused by an invalid path, to be sure it works try this:
void UMyLibrary::ExecuteFile(FString FilePath, FString Attributes) // Change UMyLibrary with the class the method is in
{
FString FixedPath = FPaths::ConvertRelativePathToFull(*FilePath);
FPlatformProcess::LaunchFileInDefaultExternalApplication(*FixedPath, *Attributes, ELaunchVerb::Open);
UE_LOG(LogWindows, Log, TEXT("LaunchFileInDefaultExtApp %s %s %s"), *FilePath, *Attributes, *FixedPath);
}