Here is a possible implementation example (to simplify and improve efficiency, you can consider the use of bitmasks, id each component with a power of 2 number, and so on).
You have an actor with 6 static mesh or other type of components, and you want to calculate some value that indicates which components are visible or not:
To calculate the value, we consider a binary number where each digit corresponds to the visibility flag of each component. To calculate its corresponding decimal value, we just use powers of 2:
So, considering your example: 001000 (which corresponds to the decimal 8) => components 1,2,4,5,6 are hidden and component 3 visible.
Setting component 5 visible, it becomes: 001010 which corresponds to 10.