I created a Child Character to Character, but none of its edits are coming up when I create a blueprint using it.

You haven’t actually exposed them to BP. Add “BlueprintReadWrite” to your UPROPERTY specifiers. Also you should be using TObjectPtr instead so something like

UPROPERTY(EditDefaultsOnly, BlueprintReadWrite)
TObjectPtr<UCameraComponent> Camera;

Out of principle I probably wouldn’t put the component under private either.