How to create a system for exchanging mechanical parts for a vehicle?

Do yo mean something like Car Customization System?

If yes, then you could use Data Assets or Data Table System just like with any other Customization System.
Add Properties on your Data Assets, for example you have “Piston Level 3” include Property Such as Torque = 50.
On Swapping your Modules or Meshes using Data Table you can also use this Property (Torque = 50) to add Torque on Current Vehicle Torque (Using Set Torque node) that way you can create Car Customization System that Modifies Mechanical Properties with or without Visual Meshes.

This is very High Level Overview for such system, you should watch any Tutorial for Customization System (Even for Characters would work to understand Data Assets or Table working)

But Do note that Chaos Vehicle Plugin is very Limited in Blueprints without C++ as most of Properties are not Exposed in Blueprints.