Underwater robots, also known as Unmanned underwater vehicles (UUV), are controllable machine structures that operate in the extreme environment under water and can dive to the surface of the water to perform certain actions instead of humans. Uavs can generally be divided into three categories: Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs), Human-occupied vehicles (HOVs), and Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs), The advantages and disadvantages are shown in the following table
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ROV is mainly used in offshore oil extraction operations. From 1975 to 1985, due to the rapid development of the offshore oil and gas industry, the rapid development of underwater robots entered a new development period. By 1981, there were more than 400 unmanned remote-controlled underwater vehicles in the market, of which more than 90% were used to directly or indirectly serve the offshore oil exploration industry. The need of offshore oil and gas development has promoted the research on the theory and application of underwater robots, and the number and types of underwater robots have increased significantly.
The number of ROV is large, the design is different, the function and complexity are very different, Douglas Westwood in the UK according to the industry practice, ROV is divided into 7 types. They are Miniature ROVs (MROVs), Eyeball ROVs (EROVs), and Inspection ROVs (Inspection ROVs). IROVs), Remotely Operated Towed Vehicles (ROTVs), Work-Class ROVs (WROVs), Tracked ROVs, TROVs and Ploughs.