I eventually figured out what was causing the Error. I was using a widget that inherits from URetainerBox in my UI, and it seems like something went wrong there with OpenGL. I didn’t really do anything in the widget, so I’m unsure if it was something I did or if the RetainerBox in general is incompatible with OpenGL on Android in UE5.1.
But for anyone reading this, check if you’re using RetainerBoxes anywhere and try removing them to see if they are causing the issue, that was it for me.