FName - Pass by value or pass by reference

Yes, but as I said already it would be your uses of the container that would cause the references to be invalidated. The only time I’ve ever seen issues like you describe is when attempting to use a reference to an element of a container that’s been modified. I work with references to all sorts of types (including FNames) in containers and have never encountered a problem (10 years, 2 AAA releases, which is only to say they weren’t trivial game projects).