Install debug symbols.
Its possible the error is really an unhandled exception, but it doesnt look the same as regular messages should look when debug symbols are avaliable.
GetVisibleMaterialParametersFromExpression()
Seems to be at fault. But it should tell you what or why is at fault for
D:\build++UE5\Sync\Engine\Source\Editor\MaterialEditor\Private\MaterialEditorUtilities.cpp:629
Review the source around that line to get ideas.
And rebuild from source.
Since its listing D: as the drive i believe you are already running custom builds, so it shouldnt be a problem to dig into it a bit…
Running off source you can actually throw a breakpoint in there and debug the engine issue yourself… beats waiting for epic to do anything at all.