The only thing I think could add to this is if you remembered to use the General Visual Studio Project Files after deleting Binaries, Intermediated, and Saved, but you probably did that.
If you tried to reset to your last branch and the same problem persists, which file would git not track and would be so important to the project? Hm.
Have you checked if this file actually exists?
C:\Program Files\Epic Games\UE_5.4\Engine\Intermediate\Build\BuildRules\UE5Rules.dll
If it does, have you tried to download only that file separately and replacing it?
If it doesn’t, see if something like C:\Program Files\Epic Games\UE_5.5\Engine\Intermediate\Build\BuildRules\UE5Rules.dll exists. If it does, now you need a way to find where that path is being built and change it.
Think this might work?