This should be doable, I’ll use the names you have in your image.
FVector LineOfSight = SubmarinePosition - TargetPosition;
float BowAngleInDegrees = FMath::RadiansToDegrees(Acos(FVector::DotProduct(Target.Forward, LineOfSight))); // Dot product describes the angle between Target and LineOfSight, taking the Arc Cosine gives you the actual angel in radians (0 - 2PI), we then convert that to degrees.
if (FVector::DotProduct(Target.Right, LineOfSight) < 0.0f) // We need one more dot product to actually figure out our winding
{
BowAngleInDegrees *= -1;
}
That should give you a relative turning angle in degrees.