Since you have the path tracer implementation, it should not be hard to test and verify if ray tracing components are providing correct results. I am very surprised so many weird quirks have gotten through under supervision of someone who has already done one commercial offline renderer, especially one where accuracy was the main priority
BTW, I am confused when you said āDefault sky primitivesā. I had no idea the engine had any. I did not find a single sphere in the engine content that had normals properly flipped inside.