How to scale a bone without affecting it's children?

I don’t understand the comment “doesn’t apply to Unreal Engine.”
To develop art that behaves the way you expect, you need to develop art.
Developing art, requires some kind of digital content creation tool.
In general, you can export assets from Unreal to a FBX file, and then load that into Maya or Blender or whatever your tool of choice is.

Unreal Engine has slowly added a few art creation tools inside the editor, but they’ve mainly focused on animating ready-made rigs/skeletons, building materials, and building static geometry meshes.

So, if you want the outcome that’s requested above, you’re going to have to update your art. If your art is a skinned mesh, you’re going to have to do that in Maya or Blender or something else. There’s no way around that.